Product Specifications

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Product Description

PV components(also known as solar panels) are the core part of solar power generation systems and the most important part of solar power generation systems. Its role is to convert solar energy into electrical energy and send it to the battery for storage or to promote load work.

The photovoltaic components(commonly known as solar panels) are composed of solar cells(125 * 125mm, 156 * 156mm, 124 * 124mm, etc.) or solar cells of different specifications cut by laser cutting machines or steel wire cutting machines. Together. Since the current and voltage of a single solar cell chip are very small, we then connect them in series to obtain Gaodianya, and then obtain a high current in parallel, and then pass through a diode(to prevent current retransmission) and then output.

And they are encapsulated in a stainless steel, aluminum or other non-metallic border, installed above the glass and back plate, filled with nitrogen, sealed.

The whole is called a component, that is, a photovoltaic component or a solar cell component.

Component manufacturing process is divided by battery sheet-single welding-string welding-splicing(that is, positioning the welded battery sheet, Splice together)-intermediate test(intermediate test points: infrared test and appearance inspection)-laminate-edge-layer rear appearance-layer rear infrared-frame(usually aluminum border)-wiring box-cleaning-test(this session also Subinfrared testing and appearance checking-Determine the level of the component)-Packaging.

(1) Battery testing

Due to the randomness of the conditions for making batteries, the performance of the batteries produced is not the same. Therefore, in order to effectively combine batteries with the same or similar performance, they should be classified according to their performance parameters; Battery testing classifies batteries by measuring the size of their output parameters(current and voltage). In order to improve the utilization of batteries, to make quality quality battery components.

(2) Positive Welding

The bus belt is welded to the main grid on the front(negative) of the battery. The bus belt is a tin-plated copper strip. The solder we use can weld the belt on the main grid line in a multi-point form. The heat source for welding is an infrared lamp(using the thermal effect of infrared). The length of the belt is about 2 times the length of the battery side. The excess solder band is connected to the back electrode of the rear battery plate when soldering on the back.

(3) Backside concatenation

Backside welding is to connect the batteries together to form a string of components. The current process we use is manual. The positioning of the battery is mainly based on a membrane plate with a groove on which the battery piece is placed. The size of the slot corresponds to the size of the battery., The location of the slot has been designed. Different specifications of the components use different templates. The operator uses electric soldering iron and Hanxisi to weld the front electrode(negative electrode) of the "front battery" to the back electrode(positive electrode) of the "back battery". In this way, the leads are connected in series and welded at the positive and negative poles of the component string.

(4) Laminate laying

After the back is strung and tested, the components, glass, and cut EVA, glass fiber, and back plates are laid according to a certain level and prepared for lamination. The glass is precoated with a reagent to increase the adhesion strength of the glass and EVA. When laying, ensure the relative position of the battery string and glass, adjust the distance between batteries, and lay a good foundation for lamination. (Layers: From bottom up: tempered glass, EVA, battery chips, EVA, glass fiber, back plate).

(5) Component lamination

The laid battery is placed in the laminator, the air in the assembly is extracted by vacuum, and then the EVA is melted and the battery, glass and back plate are bonded together; Finally cooldown takes out the assembly. The lamination process is a key step in the production of components. The lamination temperature lamination time is determined according to the nature of EVA. When we use fast curing EVA, the laminate cycle time is about 25 minutes. Curing temperature is 150 °C.

(6) Cuisine

When the laminate is melted, the EVA extends outwards due to pressure to form a bristle, so it should be removed after lamination.

(7) Framing

Similar to placing a frame on the glass; Aluminum frame the glass assembly, increase the strength of the assembly, further seal the battery assembly, extend the battery life. The gap between the border and the glass assembly is filled with silicone resin. Each border is connected by a corner key.

(8) Welding junction boxes

Welding a box at the lead line on the back of the assembly to facilitate the connection of the battery to other equipment or batteries.

(9) High Pressure Testing

High-voltage testing refers to the application of a certain voltage between the assembly border and the electrode lead to test the component's compressive resistance and insulation strength to ensure that the component is not damaged under harsh natural conditions(lightning strikes, etc.).

(10) Component Testing

The purpose of the test is to calibrate the output power of the battery, test its output characteristics, and determine the quality level of the component. At present, it is mainly the test Standard test connection(STC) that simulates sunlight. Generally, the test time required for a panel is about 7-8 seconds.

Production process

The first step is soldering: welding the battery piece with an interbar(Tuxi copper belt) to prepare the battery piece for series.

The second step of series welding: the battery plate in a certain number of series.

Step 3 Stack: The battery string will continue to be connected to the circuit, and the battery plate will be protected with glass, EVA film, and TPT back plate.

Step 4 lamination: the battery plate and glass, EVA film, TPT back plate under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and vacuum bond.

Step 5 Framing: Protect the glass with an aluminum border while facilitating installation.

Step 6 Cleaning: Ensure component appearance.

The seventh step electrical performance test: test the insulation performance and power generation of the component

The final packaging is in storage.

Manufacturing characteristics

(1) As a final product of the photovoltaic industry, it is closely integrated with the market. The product will directly target customers and require a strong market response mechanism;

(2) There are many kinds of raw materials to be used. The selection of different materials will directly affect the related properties of the components;

(3) The product is updated quickly, and the design and development capabilities of the product are required to be higher;

Material composition

Composition and functions of solar cell components:

1) The role of tempered glass is to protect the power generation body(such as batteries). The choice of light transmission is required. 1. The light transmission rate must be high(generally more than 91 %); 2. Ultrawhite Steeling Treatment

2) EVA is used to bind fixed tempered glass and power generation body(such as battery chips). The advantages and disadvantages of transparent EVA materials directly affect the lifetime of the component. EVA exposed to air is prone to aging and yellowing, which affects the light transmission rate of the component. Thus, in addition to the quality of the component's power generation, in addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the impact of the component manufacturer's lamination process is also very large. For example, the EVA adhesive degree is not up to standard, and the bonding strength of the EVA with the tempered glass and the back plate is not enough, all of which will cause EVA. Early aging affects the life of the component.

3) The main role of batteries is to generate electricity. The mainstream market for power generation is crystal silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages of crystal silicon solar cells. The cost of equipment is relatively low, but the consumption and cost of batteries are high. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high. It is more suitable for generating thin-film solar cells in outdoor sunlight. The relative equipment cost is relatively high, but the consumption and battery cost are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half that of crystal Silicon cells, but the weak light effect is very good. Electricity can also be generated under normal lights, such as solar cells on calculators.

4) EVA acts as above, mainly binding the main body of the power generation and the back plate

5) Backplate action, sealing, insulating, waterproof(generally using TPT, TPE and other materials must be resistant to aging, most component manufacturers quality assurance is 25 years, tempered glass, aluminum alloy is generally no problem, the key is with the back plate and Silicon gel can meet the requirements. )

6) Aluminum alloy protective laminate, plays a certain role in sealing and supporting

7) The junction box protects the entire power generation system and acts as a current transfer station. If the component short-circuit junction box automatically disconnects the short-circuit battery string, the most important thing to prevent the whole system junction box from being burned is the selection of diodes, depending on the type of battery chip in the component. The corresponding diodes are also different.

8) Silicone Sealing to seal the border between the assembly and the aluminum alloy, the assembly and the junction of the junction of the junction of the junction of the junction of the assembly and the junction of the junction. Some companies use double-sided rubber strips and foam cotton instead of the silicone.

Solar PV grid-connected power generation system

1) The use of clean, renewable natural energy for solar power generation does not consume non-renewable, carbon-containing fossil energy with limited resources. The use of non-indoor gas and pollutant emissions is in harmony with the ecological environment and is in line with the economic and social sustainable development strategy.

2) The energy generated can be fed into the grid, using the grid as an energy storage device, saving batteries, and can be reduced by up to 25-45 % compared to the investment in the construction of an independent solar photovoltaic system, thus greatly reducing the cost of power generation. Saves the battery and can improve the system's average no-fault time and secondary pollution of the battery.

3) Photovoltaics components are perfectly integrated with buildings, which can generate electricity and be used as building materials and decorative materials, so that material resources can be fully utilized to perform a variety of functions, not only to reduce construction costs, but also to increase the technological content of buildings and increase selling points.

4) Distributed construction, distribution of power supply in the vicinity of the site, and flexible access and exit from the grid, both help to increase the ability of the power system to withstand wars and disasters, improve the load balance of the power system, and reduce circuit losses.

5) It can play a peak role. The networked solar photovoltaic system is a hot spot and focal point for the world's developed countries to develop in the field of photovoltaic applications. It is the mainstream development trend of solar photovoltaic power generation in the world. The market is huge and the prospects are broad.

The solar cell power generation system is made using the principle of photovoltaics effect. It is a power generation system that converts solar radiation energy directly into electrical energy. It mainly consists of two parts: a solar cell square array and a grid-connected inverter. As shown in the figure below: When there is daylight during the day, the electricity emitted by the solar cell array passes directly through the grid-connected inverter to the alternating current network, or the electricity emitted by the solar energy passes directly through the grid-connected inverter to supply the AC load.

Working Diagram:

3. Introduction to the main components of the system

1) Solar cell assemblies

A solar cell can only generate about 0.5 volts of voltage, far below the voltage required for actual use. In order to meet the needs of practical applications, solar cells need to be connected into components. The solar cell assembly contains a certain number of solar cells, which are connected by wires. For example, on a component, the number of solar cells is 36, which means that a solar component can generate about 17 volts of voltage.

The solar cells that are connected by wires are sealed into physical units called solar cell components. They have certain anti-corrosion, wind, hail, and rain protection capabilities and are widely used in various fields and systems. When the application field requires higher voltage and current and a single component can not meet the requirements, multiple components can be formed into solar cell arrays to obtain the required voltage and current.

2) Photovoltaic-connected inverter

A device that converts direct current into alternating current. Inverters are indispensable because solar cells emit direct current and the general load is an AC load. According to the operation mode, inverters can be divided into independent running inverters and grid-connected inverters. The independent running inverter is used for the independent operation of solar cell power generation systems to supply power for independent loads. The solar cell power generation system used for grid-connected inverters will feed the electrical energy emitted into the grid. Inverters can be divided into square wave inverters and sine wave inverters according to the output waveforms.

The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline Silicon solar cells is about 17 %, with a maximum of 24 %. This is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency among all types of solar cells. The initial production cost is very large, but as the technology matures, the price is already The same as polycrystalline phase. Since monocrystalline silicon is generally packaged with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is durable and has a service life of up to 15 years and a maximum of 25 years.

Polycrystalline Silicon

The production process of polysilicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline Silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polysilicon solar cells is reduced by a lot, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 12 %(July 1, 2004 Sharp's market efficiency is 14.8 % of the world's most efficient polysilicon solar cells). In terms of production costs, it is cheaper than single-crystal Silicon solar cells, materials are simple to manufacture, power consumption is saved, and the total production cost is low, so it has been greatly developed. In addition, polysilicon solar cells have a shorter service life than monocrystalline Silicon solar cells. In terms of performance prices, monocrystalline Silicon solar cells are slightly better.

Amorphous Silicon

The amorphous silicon solar cell is a new type of thin-film solar cell that appeared in 1976. It is completely different from the production methods of monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon solar cells. The process is greatly simplified, the Silicon material consumes little, and the electricity consumption is lower. The main advantage is that it can also generate electricity under weak light conditions. However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the international advanced level is about 10 %, and it is not stable enough. With the extension of time, the conversion efficiency of amorphous silicon solar cells decays.

Diversity

A multicomponent solar cell is a solar cell that is not made of a single element semiconductor material. There are many kinds of research in various countries. Most of them have not yet been industrialized. There are mainly the following:

A) Cadmium sulfide solar cells

B) Gallium arsenide solar cells

C) Copper indium selenium solar cell(new multiband gap gradient Cu(In, Ga) Se2 thin film solar cell power calculation

Solar AC power generation system is composed of solar panels, charging controllers, inverters and batteries. Solar DC power generation systems do not include inverters. In order for the solar power system to provide enough power for the load, it is necessary to select the components reasonably according to the power of the electric appliance. Take 100W output power and use 6 hours per day as an example to introduce the calculation method:

1. The number of watt-hours consumed per day(including the loss of the inverter) should be calculated first: If the conversion efficiency of the inverter is 90 %, when the output power is 100W, the actual input power required should be 100W/90 % = 111W; If you use 5 hours per day, the power consumption is 111W * 5 hours = 555 Wh.

2. Calculation of solar panels: calculated at 6 hours of effective daily sunshine time, taking into account charging efficiency and loss during charging, the output power of solar panels should be 555 H/6H/70 % = 130W. 70 % of this is the actual power used by solar panels during charging.

Test conditions

Principles of testing

The principle of the test system is: When the flash shines on the tested battery, the electronic load is used to control the current changes in the solar cell, and the voltage and current, temperature, and radiation intensity of the battery's voltammetry curve are measured. The test data is sent to the microcomputer for processing and display and printing.

Test tool

Solar Cell Component Test Instrument, AAA Solar Cell Component Test Instrument

Test standards(environment): irradiance 1000 W/m2, ambient temperature 25 °C, AM = 1.5; Power tolerance range: ± 3 %)

Test parameters

Maximum measurable component battery size: 1100 mm * 2000 mm

Light source: High energy pulse Xenon lamp

Adjustable light intensity range: 70-120W / Cm2

Light tube life: ≥ 300,000 times

Light uniformity: ± 3 %

Measurement range and accuracy: Voltage 0 ~ 30 V ± 0.1 % 0 ~ 60 V ± 0.1 %

Current 0 ~ 2A ± 0.1 % 0 ~ 20 A ± 0.1 %

Measurement error: ≤ 2 %

Repeated measurement error: ± 1 %

Standard System Configuration: Horizontal Test Platform + PC + Special Test Software

Power requirements: 220V/50Hz / 2KW

Weight: 320Kg

Shape Size: 850mm * 1500mm * 2460mm

Application area

1. Users 'solar power sources:(1) Small power sources ranging from 10 to 100W are used for military and civilian domestic power such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border guard posts, etc., such as lighting, television, radio and so on; (2) 3-5KW Home Roof grid-connected power generation system; (3) Photovoltaics pumps: to solve the drinking and irrigation of deep wells in areas without electricity.

2. Traffic areas: such as navigation lights, traffic/railway lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Uxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, expressways / railway wireless telephone booths, unmanned road class power supply.

3. Communication/communications: solar unmanned microwave relay stations, cable maintenance stations, radio/communication/paging power systems; Rural carrier phone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply.

4. Oil, marine and meteorological fields: solar power supply systems for cathodic protection of oil pipelines and reservoir Gates, living and emergency power sources for oil drilling platforms, marine detection equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc..

5. Home lighting power supply: such as courtyard lights, street lights, lantern, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights, black lights, gels, energy saving lights, etc..

6. Photovolt power station: 10KW-50MW independent photovolt power station, scenery(firewood) complementary power station, various large-scale parking plant charging power station.

7. Solar architecture: Combining solar power with building materials, making future large-scale buildings self-sufficient in electricity is a major development direction in the future.

8. Other areas include:(1) Supporting cars: solar vehicles/electric vehicles, battery charging equipment, car air-conditioning, ventilation fans, cold drinking boxes, etc.; (2) Solar hydrogen plus fuel cell regenerative power generation systems; (3) Electricity supply for desalination equipment; (4) Satellites, spacecraft, space solar power stations, etc..

Inverter

(1) Requirements for connection of photovoltaic cell assembly arrays. The photovoltaic cell assembly shall be designed in groups according to the parameters such as the rated operating voltage(V) range and power capacity(W) of the possible inverter when the array is installed. The battery assembly can form a "string" connection assembly and the corresponding output voltage(V) and power(W) through the series superposition voltage and power of the same type of component. In order to ensure the normal operation of photovoltaic components, only the same type of photovoltaic components are allowed to be connected in series. Many photovoltaic components can be connected in series and parallel. The voltage difference between parallel photovoltaic components should not exceed 10 %. A series or series of(same voltage, power) components is formed in parallel to form a "packet array" whose total power(W) is the sum of the power of all components, Figure 1 in this annex shows the serial parallel form of three photovoltaic cells. Components in the same array should be installed under the same solar radiation conditions(orientation, inclination, etc.) as far as possible.

(2) Inverter selection requirements. PV cells generally pass through a series and parallel to form a photovoltaic packet array to access the DC side of the inverter. The inverter has the following requirements for the connected PV packet array: a) The end voltage of the PV packet array should meet the DC input voltage range of the inverter. When the voltage is below the limit of its range, the inverter will stop operating. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system does not output electricity, that is, it believes that the system can not generate electricity and should be eliminated in the calculation of power generation. In order to simplify the calculation of the threshold value of solar radiation that can be irradiated on the surface of the cell(the minimum radiation limit that should be accepted on the surface of the photovoltaic cell assembly when it starts generating electricity, The total surface radiation of monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon cells starts to generate electricity ≥ 80W/m, and the total surface radiation of thin film cells ≥ 30W/m) to judge; B) The maximum power of the PV array can not exceed the rated capacity of the inverter. According to the output voltage and total power of the designed array of battery components, the inverter with corresponding operating voltage and power is selected, or according to the parameters of the inverter, the design of the array of battery components is adjusted to meet the corresponding output voltage and total power. The optional capacity of the inverter should be ≥ the capacity of the photovoltaic cell assembly group installation.

Security rules

The installation of solar photovoltaic systems requires specialized skills and knowledge, which must be performed by professionally qualified engineers.

When installing a PV module that you are trying to install, operate, and maintain, make sure that you fully understand the information in this installation instruction manual and understand the risks of possible damage during installation.

3 The PV module produces electricity when it is illuminated with sufficient light or other light sources. Please take appropriate precautions to avoid direct contact with 30V DC or higher voltage. 4 Solar photovoltaic modules convert light energy into DC power, and the amount of electricity varies with the intensity of light.

When a component has an electric current or an external power source, the component must not be connected or disconnected.

6 When installing, using or wiring components, opaque materials should be used to cover the front of the components in the solar photovoltaic component array to stop generating electricity.

All relevant local, regional and national regulations should be complied with and, where necessary, building permits should be obtained.

8 Solar PV assemblies do not have user-repairable originals and do not disassemble, move or change any ancillary components.

9 Do not wear metal rings, straps, earrings, nose rings, lip rings or other metal accessories when installing solar photovoltaic components.

10 Do not install or operate components when wet or windy.

11 Do not use or install components that have been damaged, and do not artificially concentrate light on components.

12 Only the same type of PV module can be combined. Avoid uneven shading of the surface of the photovoltaic assembly. The shaded battery sheet will become hot(`` hot spot "effect), resulting in permanent damage to the component.

13 Please shut down the inverter and circuit breaker immediately when there is an accident.

A defective or damaged component may still emit electricity. If you need to move, take measures to block to ensure that the components are completely shaded.

When transporting and installing components, keep children away from components.

16 Photovoltaics components should be kept in the original package until installed.

Supply Ability

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Packaging and Shipping

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Packaging details

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